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Technical mechanisms and engineering interventions that directly modify how an AI system processes inputs, generates outputs, or operates, including changes to models, training procedures, runtime behaviors, and supporting hardware.
Reasoning
Adversarial training modifies learning objectives to improve robustness against adversarial inputs.
Large Language Models
Large Model and Agent Safety
1 AI SystemVision foundation models
1.1 ModelVision foundation models > Attacks and Defenses for ViT
1.2 Non-ModelVision foundation models > Attacks and Defenses for SAM
1 AI SystemLarge Language Models
99.9 OtherLarge Language Models > Adversarial Attack
2.2.2 Testing & EvaluationSafety at Scale: A Comprehensive Survey of Large Model and Agent Safety
Ma, Xingjun; Gao, Yifeng; Wang, Yixu; Wang, Ruofan; Wang, Xin; Sun, Ye; Ding, Yifan; Xu, Hengyuan; Chen, Yunhao; Zhao, Yunhan; Huang, Hanxun; Li, Yige; Wu, Yutao; Zhang, Jiaming; Zheng, Xiang; Bai, Yang; Wu, Zuxuan; Qiu, Xipeng; Zhang, Jingfeng; Li, Yiming; Han, Xudong; Li, Haonan; Sun, Jun; Wang, Cong; Gu, Jindong; Wu, Baoyuan; Chen, Siheng; Zhang, Tianwei; Liu, Yang; Gong, Mingming; Liu, Tongliang; Pan, Shirui; Xie, Cihang; Pang, Tianyu; Dong, Yinpeng; Jia, Ruoxi; Zhang, Yang; Ma, Shiqing; Zhang, Xiangyu; Gong, Neil Zhenqiang; Xiao, Chaowei; Erfani, Sarah; Baldwin, Tim; Li, Bo; Sugiyama, Masashi; Tao, Dacheng; Bailey, James; Jiang, Yu-Gang (2025)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are now com- monplace in conversation applications. How- ever, their risks of misuse for generating harm- ful responses have raised serious societal con- cerns and spurred recent research on LLM con- versation safety. Therefore, in this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies, covering three critical aspects of LLM conversation safety: attacks, defenses, and eval- uations. Our goal is to provide a structured sum- mary that enhances understanding of LLM con- versation safety and encourages further investi- gation into this important subject. For easy ref- erence, we have categorized all the studies men- tioned in this survey according to our taxonomy, available at: https://github.com/niconi19/LLM- conversation-safety.
Unable to classify
Could not be classified to a specific lifecycle stage
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Could not be classified to a specific actor type
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Could not be classified to a specific AIRM function
Other
