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Structural

Examining the differential risk from high-level artificial intelligence and the question of control

Kilian, Ventura & Bailey (2023)

Category

"Structural risks are concerned with how AI technologies "shape and are shaped by the environments in which they are developed and deployed""(p. 3)

Entity— Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Other risks from Kilian, Ventura & Bailey (2023) (3)

Misuse

Accidents

Agential