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Privacy

Managing the ethical and risk implications of rapid advances in artificial intelligence: A literature review

Meek et al. (2016)

Sub-category

Risk Domain

2.1Compromise of privacy by leaking or correctly inferring sensitive information

AI systems that memorize and leak sensitive personal data or infer private information about individuals without their consent. Unexpected or unauthorized sharing of data and information can compromise user expectation of privacy, assist identity theft, or cause loss of confidential intellectual property.

"Face recognition technologies and their ilk pose significant privacy risks [47]. For example, we must consider certain ethical questions like: what data is stored, for how long, who owns the data that is stored, and can it be subpoenaed in legal cases [42]? We must also consider whether a human will be in the loop when decisions are made which rely on private data, such as in the case of loan decisions [37]."(p. 688)

Entity— Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal