BackLack of transparency
Lack of transparency
Risk Domain
Challenges in understanding or explaining the decision-making processes of AI systems, which can lead to mistrust, difficulty in enforcing compliance standards or holding relevant actors accountable for harms, and the inability to identify and correct errors.
"In situations in which the development and use of AI are not explained to the user, or in which the decision processes do not provide the criteria or steps that constitute the decision, the use of AI becomes inexplicable."(p. 524)
Entity— Who or what caused the harm
Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental
Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment
Other risks from Paes, Silveira & Akkari (2023) (6)
Bias and discrimination
1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentationAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Risk of Injury
1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentationHumanUnintentionalPost-deployment
Data Breach/Privacy & Liberty
1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentationAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Usurpation of jobs by automation
6.2 Increased inequality and decline in employment qualityHumanIntentionalPost-deployment
Reduced Autonomy/Responsibility
5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomyOtherUnintentionalPost-deployment
Environmental Impacts
6.6 Environmental harmHumanUnintentionalPost-deployment