Building a human-AI environment

What Ethics Can Say on Artificial Intelligence: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

Giarmoleo et al. (2024)

Source DOI

Sub-category

Risk Domain

7AI System Safety, Failures & Limitations

7.1AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or values

AI systems acting in conflict with human goals or values, especially the goals of designers or users, or ethical standards. These misaligned behaviors may be introduced by humans during design and development, such as through reward hacking and goal misgeneralisation, or may result from AI using dangerous capabilities such as manipulation, deception, situational awareness to seek power, self-proliferate, or achieve other goals.

"This category encompasses nearly 17% of the articles and addresses the overall imperative of establishing a harmonious coexistence between humans and machines, and the key concerns that gives rise to this need."(p. 14)

Entity— Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Supporting Evidence (3)

Impact on business: "This group is concerned with the ethical implications of AI's influence on business models and practices in general but also on specific business practices."