Human–AI interaction
Delegating by humans of key decisions to AI systems, or AI systems that make decisions that diminish human control and autonomy, potentially leading to humans feeling disempowered, losing the ability to shape a fulfilling life trajectory, or becoming cognitively enfeebled.
"Several participants mentioned how AI systems could influence human agency and decision-making. They emphasized the need of striking a balance between using the benefits of AI and protecting human autonomy and control. The increasing integration of AI systems into various aspects of our lives, which can have a significant impact on human agency and decision-making, has raised ethical concerns about AI and human–AI interaction. As AI systems advance, they will be able to influence, if not completely replace, IJOES human decision-making in some fields, prompting concerns about the loss of human autonomy and control. Participants in the study emphasize the need of establishing a balance between using the benefits of AI and maintaining human autonomy and control to ensure that people retain agency and are not overly reliant on AI systems. This balance is essential to prevent possible negative consequences such as over-reliance on AI, diminishing human skills and knowledge and a loss of personal accountability"(p. 10)
Other risks from Kumar & Singh (2023) (4)
Privacy and security
2.1 Compromise of privacy by leaking or correctly inferring sensitive informationBias and fairness
1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentationTransparency and explainability
7.4 Lack of transparency or interpretabilityTrust and reliability
7.4 Lack of transparency or interpretability