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Harmful Bias or Homogenization
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Human-AI Configuration

Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile

National Institute of Standards and Technology (2024)

SourceDOI
Category
Risk Domain
5Human-Computer Interaction
5.1Overreliance and unsafe use

Users anthropomorphizing, trusting, or relying on AI systems, leading to emotional or material dependence and inappropriate relationships with or expectations of AI systems. Trust can be exploited by malicious actors (e.g., to harvest personal information or enable manipulation), or result in harm from inappropriate use of AI in critical situations (e.g., medical emergency). Overreliance on AI systems can compromise autonomy and weaken social ties.

"Arrangement s of or interactions between a human and an AI system which can result in the human inappropriately anthropomorphizing GAI systems or experiencing algorithmic aversion, automation bias, over-reliance, or emotional entanglement with GAI systems."(p. 4)

Entity— Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Supporting Evidence (2)

1.
"GAI system use can involve varying risks of misconfigurations and poor interactions between a system and a human who is interacting with it. Humans bring their unique perspectives, experiences, or domain- specific expertise to interactions with AI systems but may not have detailed knowledge of AI systems and how they work. As a result, human experts may be unnecessarily “averse” to GAI systems, and thus deprive themselves or others of GAI’s beneficial uses."(p. 9)
2.
"Conversely, due to the complexity and increasing reliability of GAI technology, over time, humans may over-rely on GAI systems or may unjustifiably perceive GAI content to be of higher quality than that produced by other sources. This phenomenon is an example of automation bias, or excessive deference to automated systems. Automation bias can exacerbate other risks of GAI, such as risks of confabulation or risks of bias or homogenization. There may also be concerns about emotional entanglement between humans and GAI systems, which could lead to negative psychological impacts."(p. 9)

Other risks from National Institute of Standards and Technology (2024) (11)

CBRN Information or Capabilities

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
OtherOtherPost-deployment

Confabulation

3.1 False or misleading information
AI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment

Dangerous, Violent or Hateful Content

1.2 Exposure to toxic content
AI systemOtherPost-deployment

Data Privacy

2.1 Compromise of privacy by leaking or correctly inferring sensitive information
AI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment

Environmental Impacts

6.6 Environmental harm
OtherUnintentionalPre-deployment

Harmful Bias or Homogenization

1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentation
OtherUnintentionalOther
View all 11 risks from this paper →