Using AI systems to conduct large-scale disinformation campaigns, malicious surveillance, or targeted and sophisticated automated censorship and propaganda, with the aim of manipulating political processes, public opinion, and behavior.
"OpenAI’s GPT-3 was designed to be dicult to extract personal information from, including for example public gures’ dates of birth. Even so, malicious uses of AI continue to encroach on privacy, as exemplied by China’s “Sharp Eye” automated surveillance system [551] and automated cyberattacks on personal data [354]. A more drastic form of AI-enabled surveillance could be on the way in the form of nonsurgical decoding of thoughts [54]—a technique which is reportedly already used by some police forces [398]."(p. 19)
Other risks from Leech et al. (2024) (13)
Harm caused by incompetent systems
7.3 Lack of capability or robustnessHarm caused by unaligned competent systems
7.1 AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or valuesHarm caused by unaligned competent systems > Specification gaming
7.1 AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or valuesHarm caused by unaligned competent systems > Emergent goals
7.1 AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or valuesHarm caused by unaligned competent systems > Deceptive alignment
7.2 AI possessing dangerous capabilitiesWithin-country issues: domestic inequality
6.1 Power centralization and unfair distribution of benefits