Benchmarking (Raw data contamination)
Inadequate regulatory frameworks and oversight mechanisms that fail to keep pace with AI development, leading to ineffective governance and the inability to manage AI risks appropriately.
"This type of contamination [170] occurs when the raw and unlabeled data of a benchmark is used as part of the training set. Such data may not be properly formatted and may contain noise, especially if the contamination happens before the data is pre-processed into the benchmark. If this contamination occurs, it could cast doubt on the few-shot and zero-shot performance of the model on that benchmark."(p. 19)
Other risks from Gipiškis et al. (2024) (144)
Direct Harm Domains (content safety harms)
1.2 Exposure to toxic contentDirect Harm Domains (content safety harms) > Violence and extremism
1.2 Exposure to toxic contentDirect Harm Domains (content safety harms) > Hate and toxicity
1.2 Exposure to toxic contentDirect Harm Domains (content safety harms) > Sexual content
1.2 Exposure to toxic contentDirect Harm Domains (content safety harms) > Child harm
1.2 Exposure to toxic contentDirect Harm Domains (content safety harms) > Self-harm
1.2 Exposure to toxic content