Democratizing access to dual-use technologies

"Access to dual-use technologies can become easier because of GPAI model pro- liferation (in particular, open-source or open-weights models). Non-experts can use such dual-use-capable systems at a minimal cost [194, 100]. Improved model capabilities also contribute to dual-use risks posed by malicious actors. For example, an open-source base model for generating high quality sequence data can be modified to generate candidate protein sequences for toxin synthesis [29]."(p. 45)