BackFalse information
False information
Risk Domain
AI systems that inadvertently generate or spread incorrect or deceptive information, which can lead to inaccurate beliefs in users and undermine their autonomy. Humans that make decisions based on false beliefs can experience physical, emotional or material harms
"The chatbot outputs information that contradicts known facts, authoritative sources, or provided source documents (also known as hallucination)."(p. 6)
Entity— Who or what caused the harm
Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental
Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment
Other risks from Stanley & Lettie (2024) (28)
Performative utterances
7.3 Lack of capability or robustnessAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Information enabling malicious actions
1.2 Exposure to toxic contentAI systemOtherPost-deployment
Bad advice/failure to generate helpful content
7.3 Lack of capability or robustnessAI systemUnintentionalOther
Leakage
2.1 Compromise of privacy by leaking or correctly inferring sensitive informationAI systemUnintentionalOther
Toxic and disrespectful content
1.2 Exposure to toxic contentAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Biased statements and recommendations
1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentationAI systemUnintentionalOther