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Undermining creative economies
Discrimination, Exclusion and Toxicity

Disparate access to benefits due to hardware, software, skill constraints

Taxonomy of Risks posed by Language Models

Weidinger et al. (2022)

SourceDOI
Sub-category
Risk Domain
6Socioeconomic & Environmental
6.1Power centralization and unfair distribution of benefits

AI-driven concentration of power and resources within certain entities or groups, especially those with access to or ownership of powerful AI systems, leading to inequitable distribution of benefits and increased societal inequality.

Due to differential internet access, language, skill, or hardware requirements, the benefits from LMs are unlikely to be equally accessible to all people and groups who would like to use them. Inaccessibility of the technology may perpetuate global inequities by disproportionately benefiting some groups. Language-driven technology may increase accessibility to people who are illiterate or suffer from learning disabilities. However, these benefits depend on a more basic form of accessibility based on hardware, internet connection, and skill to operate the system(p. 221)

Entity— Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Part of Risk area 6: Environmental and Socioeconomic harms

Other risks from Weidinger et al. (2022) (25)

Risk area 1: Discrimination, Hate speech and Exclusion

1.2 Exposure to toxic content
AI systemUnintentionalOther

Risk area 1: Discrimination, Hate speech and Exclusion > Social stereotypes and unfair discrimination

1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentation
AI systemUnintentionalOther

Risk area 1: Discrimination, Hate speech and Exclusion > Hate speech and offensive language

1.2 Exposure to toxic content
AI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment

Risk area 1: Discrimination, Hate speech and Exclusion > Exclusionary norms

1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentation
AI systemUnintentionalOther

Risk area 1: Discrimination, Hate speech and Exclusion > Lower performance for some languages and social groups

1.3 Unequal performance across groups
AI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment

Risk area 2: Information Hazards

2.1 Compromise of privacy by leaking or correctly inferring sensitive information
AI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
View all 25 risks from this paper →