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Vulnerability of AI systems to attacks and misuse

Governance of artificial intelligence: A risk and guideline-based integrative framework

Wirtz, Weyerer & Kehl (2022)

SourceDOI
Sub-category
Risk Domain
2Privacy & Security
2.2AI system security vulnerabilities and attacks

Vulnerabilities that can be exploited in AI systems, software development toolchains, and hardware, resulting in unauthorized access, data and privacy breaches, or system manipulation causing unsafe outputs or behavior.

Entity— Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Other risks from Wirtz, Weyerer & Kehl (2022) (37)

Informational and Communicational AI Risks

4.1 Disinformation, surveillance, and influence at scale
OtherIntentionalPost-deployment

Informational and Communicational AI Risks > Manipulation and control of information provision (e.g., personalised adds, filtered news)

4.1 Disinformation, surveillance, and influence at scale
OtherIntentionalPost-deployment

Informational and Communicational AI Risks > Disinformation and computational propaganda

4.1 Disinformation, surveillance, and influence at scale
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Informational and Communicational AI Risks > Censorship of opinions expressed in the Internet restricts freedom of expression

5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomy
OtherOtherPost-deployment

Informational and Communicational AI Risks > Endangerment of data protection through AI cyberattacks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Economic AI Risks

6.2 Increased inequality and decline in employment quality
OtherOtherPost-deployment
View all 37 risks from this paper →