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Intentional: socially condemned/illegal

Harm to Nonhuman Animals from AI: a Systematic Account and Framework

Coghlan & Parker (2023)

Category
Risk Domain

The development and operation of AI systems causing environmental harm, such as through energy consumption of data centers, or material and carbon footprints associated with AI hardware.

"Many intentional harms, including confinement, husbandry procedures like tail-docking, and slaughter, are legal or socially accepted, while others such as wildlife trafficking and violence against companion animals are generally socially condemned and often illegal. AI can be designed or adopted by humans who harm animals to pursue their goals more effectively. We therefore distinguish AI-facilitated intentional harms that are currently socially accepted and generally legal, from uses and abuses of AI that cause harms that are not socially accepted and are often illegal."(p. 13)

Other risks from Coghlan & Parker (2023) (11)