Harms from Estrangement

"AI could gradually distance animal and farmer or other caretakers (Hemsworth & Coleman, 2010). That might sometimes be good for animals. But this estrange- ment might also forfeit opportunities for humans to notice individual animal needs (Werkheiser, 2018) and, moreover, to gain an intimate understanding of animals through experience and interaction, as many (say) farmers traditionally had."(p. 20)

"AI systems may be used in contract farming in a way that operates on the farmer (as worker) as much as the animal, by telling the farmer how and when to look after the animals within certain strict parameters set to achieve certain results, like Ama- zon warehouse workers (O’Neill et al., 2021). In time, this may undermine mutually beneficial relationships between humans and animals (Tuyttens et al., 2022)."(p. 20)