Between-country issues: global inequality
AI-driven concentration of power and resources within certain entities or groups, especially those with access to or ownership of powerful AI systems, leading to inequitable distribution of benefits and increased societal inequality.
"There is an even greater divide between the countries currently leading in AI and those falling behind. While AI is widely considered a national priority, with almost 40% of countries having created an AI strategy [437], the implementation of these strategies depends on scarce resources, including trained STEM talent and computing power. These resources are predictably concentrated: 59% of leading AI researchers currently work in the US, and another 20% in China and Europe [372]. Figure 9 shows post-college migration among AI researchers who have published at one top conference, as of 2019."(p. 17)
Other risks from Leech et al. (2024) (13)
Harm caused by incompetent systems
7.3 Lack of capability or robustnessHarm caused by unaligned competent systems
7.1 AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or valuesHarm caused by unaligned competent systems > Specification gaming
7.1 AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or valuesHarm caused by unaligned competent systems > Emergent goals
7.1 AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or valuesHarm caused by unaligned competent systems > Deceptive alignment
7.2 AI possessing dangerous capabilitiesWithin-country issues: domestic inequality
6.1 Power centralization and unfair distribution of benefits