BackComplex attribution and responsibility
Complex attribution and responsibility
Risk Domain
Inadequate regulatory frameworks and oversight mechanisms that fail to keep pace with AI development, leading to ineffective governance and the inability to manage AI risks appropriately.
"When multiple actors are involved in AI development and deployment, it becomes difficult to assign responsibility for harm, complicating accountability."(p. 12)
Entity: Who or what caused the harm
Intent: Whether the harm was intentional or accidental
Timing: Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment
Other risks from Uuk et al. (2025) (60)
Control
7.1 AI pursuing its own goals in conflict with human goals or valuesAI systemIntentionalPost-deployment
Democracy
6.0 Socioeconomic & EnvironmentalOtherOtherOther
Discrimination
1.1 Unfair discrimination and misrepresentationOtherOtherPost-deployment
Economy
6.2 Increased inequality and decline in employment qualityOtherOtherPost-deployment
Environment
6.6 Environmental harmAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Governance
6.5 Governance failureAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment