BackImpersonation / identity theft
Impersonation / identity theft
Risk Domain
Using AI systems to gain a personal advantage over others such as through cheating, fraud, scams, blackmail or targeted manipulation of beliefs or behavior. Examples include AI-facilitated plagiarism for research or education, impersonating a trusted or fake individual for illegitimate financial benefit, or creating humiliating or sexual imagery.
"Theft of an individual, group or organisation’s identity by a third-party in order to defraud, mock or otherwise harm them or another party"
Entity— Who or what caused the harm
Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental
Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment
Part of Autonomy
Other risks from Li et al. (2025) (40)
Autonomy
5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomyOtherOtherOther
Misinformation Harms
3.1 False or misleading informationAI systemOtherPost-deployment
Representation and Toxicity
1.0 Discrimination & ToxicityAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
IP / copyright / personality / rights loss
4.3 Fraud, scams, and targeted manipulationHumanIntentionalPost-deployment
Autonomy / agency loss
5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomyOtherOtherOther
Political instability
6.0 Socioeconomic & EnvironmentalHumanOtherOther