BackEconomic Risks
Economic Risks
Entity: Who or what caused the harm
Human
Due to a decision or action made by humans
AI system
Due to a decision or action made by an AI system
Other
Due to some other reason or is ambiguous
Not coded
Intent: Whether the harm was intentional or accidental
Intentional
Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal
Unintentional
Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal
Other
Without clearly specifying the intentionality
Not coded
Timing: Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment
Pre-deployment
Occurring before the AI is deployed
Post-deployment
Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed
Other
Without a clearly specified time of occurrence
Not coded
Other risks from Perlo et al. (2025) (12)
Purposeful or malicious harm
4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harmHumanIntentionalPost-deployment
Accidental harm
7.3 Lack of capability or robustnessOtherUnintentionalPost-deployment
Privacy Violations
2.1 Compromise of privacy by leaking or correctly inferring sensitive informationAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Misinformation
3.1 False or misleading informationAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Labour Displacement
6.2 Increased inequality and decline in employment qualityAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Socioeconomic Inequality
6.2 Increased inequality and decline in employment qualityAI systemUnintentionalOther