BackEconomic Risks
Economic Risks
Entity— Who or what caused the harm
Human
Due to a decision or action made by humans
AI system
Due to a decision or action made by an AI system
Other
Due to some other reason or is ambiguous
Not coded
Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental
Intentional
Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal
Unintentional
Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal
Other
Without clearly specifying the intentionality
Not coded
Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment
Pre-deployment
Occurring before the AI is deployed
Post-deployment
Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed
Other
Without a clearly specified time of occurrence
Not coded
Other risks from Perlo et al. (2025) (12)
Purposeful or malicious harm
4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harmHumanIntentionalPost-deployment
Accidental harm
7.3 Lack of capability or robustnessOtherUnintentionalPost-deployment
Privacy Violations
2.1 Compromise of privacy by leaking or correctly inferring sensitive informationAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Misinformation
3.1 False or misleading informationAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Labour Displacement
6.2 Increased inequality and decline in employment qualityAI systemUnintentionalPost-deployment
Socioeconomic Inequality
6.2 Increased inequality and decline in employment qualityAI systemUnintentionalOther