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Nature
Cyber Offense Risks

Misuse Risks

Frontier AI Risk Management Framework (v1.0)

SAIL & Concordia AI (2025)

Source
Category

"Risks arising from intentional exploitation of AI model capabilities by malicious actors to cause harm to individuals, organisations, or society."(p. 4)

Entity— Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent— Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing— Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Supporting Evidence (1)

1.
Threat source: external malicious actors(p. 4)

Other risks from SAIL & Concordia AI (2025) (36)

Loss of Control Risks

5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomy
AI systemOtherPost-deployment

Accident Risks

7.3 Lack of capability or robustness
HumanUnintentionalPost-deployment

Model Capabilities

7.2 AI possessing dangerous capabilities
Not codedNot codedNot coded

Cyber Offense Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Biological and Chemical Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Physical Harm and Injury Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment
View all 36 risks from this paper →