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MIT AI Risk Initiative
BackPassive loss of control
Loss of Control Risks
Active loss of control

Passive loss of control

Frontier AI Risk Management Framework (v1.0)

SAIL & Concordia AI (2025)

Source
Sub-category
Risk Domain
5Human-Computer Interaction
5.2Loss of human agency and autonomy

Delegating by humans of key decisions to AI systems, or AI systems that make decisions that diminish human control and autonomy, potentially leading to humans feeling disempowered, losing the ability to shape a fulfilling life trajectory, or becoming cognitively enfeebled.

"...where humans gradually stop exercising meaningful oversight due to automation bias, the AI systems' inherent complexity, or competitive pressures"(p. 7)

Entity: Who or what caused the harm

Human

Due to a decision or action made by humans

AI system

Due to a decision or action made by an AI system

Other

Due to some other reason or is ambiguous

Intent: Whether the harm was intentional or accidental

Intentional

Due to an expected outcome from pursuing a goal

Unintentional

Due to an unexpected outcome from pursuing a goal

Other

Without clearly specifying the intentionality

Timing: Whether the risk is pre- or post-deployment

Pre-deployment

Occurring before the AI is deployed

Post-deployment

Occurring after the AI model has been trained and deployed

Other

Without a clearly specified time of occurrence

Other risks from SAIL & Concordia AI (2025) (36)

Misuse Risks

4.0 Malicious Actors & Misuse
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Loss of Control Risks

5.2 Loss of human agency and autonomy
AI systemOther

Accident Risks

7.3 Lack of capability or robustness
HumanUnintentionalPost-deployment

Model Capabilities

7.2 AI possessing dangerous capabilities
Not codedNot codedNot coded

Cyber Offense Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment

Biological and Chemical Risks

4.2 Cyberattacks, weapon development or use, and mass harm
HumanIntentionalPost-deployment
View all 36 risks from this paper →